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Woodswomen, Inc. was a nonprofit organization focusing on education and adventure travel run by women, for women out of Minneapolis, Minnesota, from 1977 to 1999. Woodswomen, referred to as the 'grandmother' of women's outdoor adventure groups,〔Winegar, Karin. "On top of the world." The Star Tribune. September 19, 1997.〕 was one of the first adventure travel companies serving exclusively women and served more than 8,000 women 1,200 children in its tenure.〔Winegar, Karen. "No yelling: Women-only travel finds firm niche." Sunday Standard-Times. March 7, 1993〕 ==History== The name 'Woodswomen' was first used in 1977 when Judith Niemi, Elizabeth Barnard, Shirley Heyer, and Trudy Fulton organized a Boundary Waters Canoe Area trip for women.〔 Though three women—Judith Niemi, Denise Mitten and Elizabeth Barnard—are generally credited with the initial organization, they maintain that it was founded organically. This means that each woman has her own Woodswomen history and no one person started out to make a business out of adventure travel for women.〔Niemi, Judith. "Talking with Woodswomen." New Women's Times. April, 1982.〕 For example, Judith Niemi's personal Woodswomen began when she decided that women needed an organization that would run outdoor trips solely for them after a trip in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area where she saw no other women for two weeks.〔"Women growing stronger outdoors." St. Paul Dispatch. October 24, 1980.〕 In 1980, Woodswomen launched a women-and-leadership course which turned into a well-respected leadership program that trained many women who led Woodswomen trips and trips for other companies.〔 Woodswomen was incorporated as a nonprofit organization in 1982. Also in 1982, the organization organized and sponsored an expedition commemorating Mina Benson Hubbard's 1905 George River trip in Labrador, Canada. A seven-member expedition team traveled for four weeks on a 200-mile journey following Hubbard's route. In 1985 Kathy Phibbs opened the Northwest office of Woodswomen and served as its director. Two years earlier she had organized the first meeting of Women Climbers Northwest (WCN) in 1983.〔Bentley, Judy, Burton, Joan, Thornberg, Lace, and Firey, Carla. "The First Ladies." Washington Trails. March and April, 2011, page 25〕 In 1987 Denise Mitten secured a grant from the Emma B. Howe Foundation and started the Women and Children Bonding in the Outdoors Program. Expanding their reach, in 1989 Mitten answered a request for proposals from the Minnesota Department of Corrections and secured funding for the Wilderness Experiences for Women Offenders Program.〔Winegar, Karin. "Mothers and kids get acquainted with the outdoors." The Star Tribune. September 24, 1988.〕 In 1990 Woodswomen sponsored the 100th year Commemoration Climb of Fay Fuller's assent of Mount Rainier, Washington. Kathy Phibbs and several other women lead the climb which included over 30 women, many wearing dresses, and one woman who completed the climb with an artificial leg.〔 In 1992 Woodswomen started Minnesota Youth Outdoors programs for lesbian, gay and bisexual youth. Youth participated in a series of one to two day trips. Woodswomen guides and "adult supporter team members hope that sense of self and success will help gay and lesbian youth negotiate a time fraught with difficulties."〔Dochterman, Robin. "Calling all gay and lesbian youth!" Equal Time. October 9–23, 1992.〕 In 1993 Woodswomen had 59 domestic trips and 11 international trips ranging from cross-country skiing in Minnesota to climbing Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania.〔Giammatteo, Hollis. "Into the Woods: Woodswomen brings feminism to the great outdoors." Ms. Magazine. March/April, 1993.〕 Woodswomen closed its doors in 1999, passing on the mailing list to Marian Marbury, who went on to found Adventures in Good Company. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Woodswomen, Inc.」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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